Seeding is one of the most effective and environmentally friendly solutions available for erosion control. Establishing vegetation cover protects exposed soil, reduces sediment runoff, and improves long-term site stability.
However, not all seeding strategies are the same. Depending on your project’s timeline, site conditions, and regulatory requirements, you may need to choose between temporary seeding, permanent seeding, or a combination of both.
This guide explains the differences between these two approaches, their advantages and limitations, and how to determine the right solution for your project.
Understanding Erosion Control Seeding
Erosion control seeding is the process of planting vegetation to stabilize soil, reduce sediment runoff, and prevent damage from wind and water erosion.
By establishing a healthy vegetative cover, you create a natural barrier that holds soil in place, reduces water velocity, and improves soil health over time.
Seeding has been proven to improve ground infiltration, while establishing firm roots that keep soil intact during heavy water runoff.
There are generally options available to site managers seeking to deal with exposed soils on a worksite: temporary and permanent seeding.
The former involves short-term annual seeds used to establish quick ground cover, while the latter uses perennial seeds that may take longer to establish and require greater care.
Temporary Seeding Overview
Temporary seeding involves planting fast-growing vegetation to protect disturbed soils until a permanent stabilization plan is implemented. This method is common during construction pauses, in between grading stages, or when regulations require immediate erosion control.
The most common applications of temporary seeding include hydroseeding, though many blends offer a permanent solution.
Common Seeds
- Annual ryegrass
- Winter wheat
- Oats
- Millet (in warmer months)
These varieties are chosen for rapid growth, adaptability, and short-term soil stabilization.
Best Uses
- Construction pauses lasting weeks or months
- Sites graded but awaiting final landscaping
- Meeting erosion control requirements during active work
- Quick slope stabilization before heavy rain or snow
Example: A road project in the northeast halts for the winter. Winter rye is seeded to protect exposed soil until spring planting.
Pros & Cons
Pros:
- Rapid erosion protection
- Meets stormwater compliance standards
- Some species improve soil health for later planting
- Flexible and easy to replace
Cons:
- Short lifespan
- Shallow root systems provide limited stability
- Requires additional permanent seeding later
Permanent Seeding Overview
Permanent seeding uses durable grasses, legumes, wildflowers, or native plants to provide years of erosion control. While these species take longer to establish, they develop deep root systems that improve soil stability and environmental quality for decades when maintained properly.
Sodding is also considered a permanent seeding technique that can provide immediate ground cover to exposed soils.
Common Seeds
- Tall fescue
- Kentucky bluegrass
- Perennial ryegrass
- Clover blends
- Native wildflower and prairie mixes
Best Uses
- Final stabilization after construction is complete
- Long-term erosion control to meet environmental standards
- Sites requiring both functional stabilization and visual appeal
- Land remaining undisturbed for years to come
Example: A finished construction site uses native grasses and wildflowers to reduce invasive species and create wildlife habitat.
Pros & Cons
Pros:
- Long-term, durable soil protection
- Low maintenance after establishment
- Enhances biodiversity and supports pollinators
- Can be customized for aesthetics and site-specific needs
Cons:
- Slower establishment period
- Higher upfront costs for seed and site prep
- Vulnerable in early growth stages without proper care
Choosing the Right Seeding Solution: Key Factors to Consider
Deciding between temporary and permanent seeding for your worksite will depend on several factors, including:
1. Project Timeline
If your project won’t be completed for several months, temporary seeding will protect exposed soil in the meantime. If work is done and the site is ready for long-term stabilization, permanent stabilization will be required as part of your SWPPP or SWMP.
2. Season and Climate
Certain species of grass and flowers only thrive in specific conditions, so understanding the local environment is critical for selecting the right seed mixture. For example, winter rye is perfect for cold-weather temporary cover, while native prairie grasses are better planted in spring or early fall for permanent solutions.
3. Budget
Temporary seeding is generally cheaper upfront, but you’ll pay for permanent seeding later. Permanent seeding costs more initially but eliminates the need for future replanting.
4. Site Conditions
Soil type, slope steepness, and sunlight exposure will all influence which method is most effective. Steeper slopes, for instance, often require permanent deep-rooted vegetation for lasting control.
Combining Temporary and Permanent Seeding
In many cases, the best solution is to use both methods. Temporary seeding can be applied immediately after grading to prevent erosion while work is still underway.
Once construction is complete and seasonal conditions are favorable, the temporary vegetation can be removed or mowed down, and permanent seeding can be installed. This phased approach ensures the site remains protected throughout every stage of development and reduces the risk of erosion-related delays or compliance issues.
The Role of Professional Environmental Consulting
Seeding for erosion control is not just a matter of scattering grass seed. The process involves understanding soil conditions, selecting the right species, and ensuring proper installation and maintenance.
A professional environmental consultant can assess your site, recommend the best seed mixes for your climate and project goals, oversee installation, and ensure that your project complies with all applicable regulations.
Having expert guidance can make the difference between a well-established vegetative cover and a failed attempt that requires costly rework.
FAQs
When should I use temporary seeding?
Temporary seeding is best when construction or grading is complete but final landscaping is delayed, or when a site must meet erosion control requirements during a pause in work.
How long does temporary seeding last?
Most temporary seed mixes last a few months to one season, depending on the plant species, climate, and maintenance.
How long does permanent seeding take to establish?
Depending on the species, permanent seeding may take several weeks to months to fully establish. Once mature, the vegetation can last for years with minimal maintenance.